Protecting Pakistan: Understanding Monkeypox and Its Prevention
The recent reports of two suspected monkeypox (Mpox) cases in Lahore have triggered concerns. As Pakistan has already confirmed five cases, it is crucial to raise awareness to prevent further spread. Here is what to know about monkeypox: its transmission, symptoms, and prevention.
What is Monkeypox?
Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease. It is caused by the monkeypox virus. This virus is in the same family as the ones that cause smallpox, chickenpox, and cowpox. Although less severe than smallpox, monkeypox can still lead to significant health problems. It was first discovered in 1958 in monkeys, and the first human case was reported in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The Re-emergence of Monkeypox: A Global Health Challenge (2022-2024)
In 2022, the world witnessed a significant resurgence of monkeypox, a viral illness confined to Central and West Africa. The outbreak, caused by the clade IIb strain of the Monkey pox virus, rapidly spread across the globe, raising public health concerns.
Key Features of the 2022-2024 Outbreak:
- Global Scale: Cases emerged in countries where monkeypox was not endemic. Infections were reported in Europe, North America, and other regions. This outbreak is global.
- Unusual Transmission Patterns: A notable change in the virus’s spread was observed. A significant portion of cases linked to close contact, especially among men who have intercourse with men.
- Public Health Response: Governments and health organizations acted quickly to contain the outbreak. They traced contacts, isolated the infected, and carried out mass vaccinations.
- Vaccine Availability: Smallpox vaccines were key in controlling the outbreak. They offered cross-protection against monkeypox. These vaccines helped reduce the severity of the outbreak and limited further spread.
The resurgence has highlighted the need for vigilance. This is especially true in Pakistan. Recent and suspected cases in Lahore stress the need for public health measures and awareness.
Current Situation in Pakistan
Pakistan has already confirmed five cases of monkeypox, and two suspected cases have just been reported in Lahore. The patients are currently quarantined, awaiting test results. Specialists are monitoring the circumstance closely. These cases are contained. It is important that we remain informed and cautious to prevent the spread of Mpox.
Signs and Symptoms of Monkeypox
Symptoms can appear 5 to 21 days after being exposed to the virus. The disease typically lasts for two to four weeks, and the severity can vary. Here are the main symptoms:
- Fever: The onset of fever is often the first sign.
- Headache and Muscle Aches: Severe headaches and body aches can accompany fever.
- Swollen Lymph Nodes: Unlike smallpox, monkeypox causes noticeable lymph node swelling.
- Rash: A characteristic rash develops, often starting on the face and spreading to other parts of the body. The rash has four stages: macules, papules, vesicles, and pustules. Then it crusts and scabs over.
In most cases, the disease is mild, but in some, it can cause severe complications such as pneumonia, sepsis, or eye infections.
How is Monkeypox Transmitted?
Monkeypox can spread from animals to humans, as well as between humans. Here is how the infection can be transmitted:
- Animal-to-Human Transmission: It can happen through close contact with infected animals, like rodents or monkeys. This includes bites, scratches, or handling infected meat.
- Human-to-Human Transmission: Direct contact with an infected person’s skin lesions, body fluids, respiratory droplets, or contaminated objects (e.g., bedding, clothing).
- Transmission via Respiratory Droplets: Prolonged face-to-face contact with an infected person can spread the virus through respiratory droplets.
The WHO has declared the monkeypox outbreak a ‘Public Health Emergency of International Concern’. as of 14th August 2024. The risk of contracting monkeypox in Pakistan remains low, but due to the reported cases, it is essential to stay vigilant and informed.
How to Prevent Monkeypox?
Prevention of monkeypox centers on limiting human-to-human and animal-to-human transmission. Here is how you can defend yourself against the virus:
- Avoid Contact with Infected Individuals: If someone has symptoms, especially a rash, avoid close contact. Always use gloves and protective clothing when dealing with a suspected case.
- Keep your Hygiene in check: Wash your hands regularly with cleanser and water or utilize hand sanitizers. Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth, if your hands are not clean.
- Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): If you work in healthcare or must care for a person with monkeypox, wear masks, gloves, and gowns.
- Avoid Contact with Animals: Do not touch or eat wild animals, especially rodents or primates.
- Vaccination: Some vaccines, such as the smallpox vaccine, provide cross-protection against monkeypox.
Pakistan has not yet rolled out a monkeypox vaccine. If traveling to areas with outbreaks, consult health authorities.
What should you do if you are experiencing the symptoms of Monkey Pox?
If you believe you have been exposed to monkeypox or are showing symptoms, here are the steps you should take:
- Isolate Yourself: Stay away from others to avoid spreading the virus. This includes staying at home and limiting physical contact.
- Seek Medical Advice: Contact healthcare professionals immediately if you develop symptoms. Early conclusions can help in overseeing the illness and avoiding its spread.
- Follow Medical Guidance: If confirmed, adhere to the prescribed treatment and isolation protocols. Quarantine yourself until cleared by a healthcare professional.
- Inform Close Contacts: Notify anyone you may have contacted during the infectious period. They should take preventive steps.
Mashwara’s Role in Monkeypox Awareness
Mashwara is a trusted healthcare app that is bringing easy access to healthcare in Pakistan. Mashwara is committed to keeping Pakistan informed about important health issues, including monkeypox. Our services include:
- Mashwara’s AI chatbot offers personalized health advice and guidance, drawing from a vast database of medical knowledge.
- Our awareness program features engaging blog posts and articles on a variety of health topics.
- Find the nearest doctors, clinics, laboratories and hospitals with Mashwara’s convenient ‘Find care’ feature.
For the latest on monkeypox and other health issues, follow Mashwara on social media and subscribe to our newsletter.
Takeaways
Raising awareness about monkeypox is vital to preventing its spread. With the right information and precautions, Pakistan can minimize the impact of this outbreak. Follow the steps outlined above to protect yourself and others from the virus. Mashwara is here to support you with reliable information and guidance. Stay informed and take proactive steps to ensure your health and safety.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Is there a vaccine for Monkeypox?
Yes, the smallpox vaccine can offer some protection against monkeypox. However, its availability and use may vary depending on the country and the specific outbreak situation.
- How can Mashwara help with Monkeypox-related concerns?
Mashwara can provide you with reliable information, expert advice, and access to healthcare professionals. You can use Mashwara to:
- Get answers to your questions about monkeypox
- Access resources and information on prevention and treatment
- Stay updated on the latest developments regarding monkeypox
- Is there a cure for Monkeypox?
Currently, there is no specific treatment for monkeypox. However, supportive care and antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and complications.
- How long does Monkeypox last?
Monkeypox symptoms can typically last for 2-4 weeks.
